Watch the inference become a decision.

1. Observation

   Write what was seen, heard, measured, or received. Identify the source and the limits of first-hand knowledge.

2. Interpretation

   Name the explanation as an explanation. What else might account for the same observation?

3. Repetition

   A repeated account may still have only one source. Track whether later readers verified it or repeated it.

4. Action

   Identify the actual decision, the person or body making it, and the authority relied on. An allegation is not an order; filing is not issuance or service.

5. Consequence

   Record practical effects without treating the effects alone as proof of intent, wrongdoing, or a diagnosis.

6. Review and correction

   What evidence would change the assessment? Who can correct the record? Which later recipients need the correction?

Compare these questions with the canonical research patterns ↗